Queries 8.03: Relax and have a Saaz hopped beer, because there’s still plenty of Citra

* This is your brain on Saaz
* Random observation: The best Citra?
* Hop profile: Styrian Wolf
* Links
      – Two faces of Citra
      – Down on the small hop farm
      – BarthHaas annual report
      – Hop sensory
      – Hops and NA beers

Welcome to Vol. 8, No. 3. Hop harvest has begun east of the Mississippi, and will be underway in the world’s primary growing regions in a matter of weeks. Reports indicate that most farms “are in a pretty good position to get to the finish line.” Of course, those of us west of the Mississippi who are waking up these days to hazy skies that result from wildfires remember the impact of smoke taint on the 2020 and 2021 crops. Be alert.

RELAX, HAVE A PILSNER

After a conversation with a hop merchant about fractionating essential oil, I revisited research—mentioned briefly in “For the Love of Hops”—related the relaxing effect of certain compounds.

Scientists at Sapporo in Japan used headband sensors to measure the brainwaves of participants, first when they were smelling beer, then later in an experiment that included drinking the beer. They found:

– When subjects smelled the odor of essential oil extract from Saazer hops, the rhythm of the frequency fluctuation in the right frontal alpha-waves significantly increased in regularity, showing that the subjects felt a lower level of arousal and became more relaxed.

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Two faces of Citra

Citra spider chart

Citra spider chart

Earlier this week, Yakima Chief Hops posted information about a flash sale on Instagram, drawing attention to changes in the way customers may compare hop lots. The details:

“Review the brewing values, sensory characteristics including charts, and grower information anytime via our revamped Lot Lookup Tool. Just input the Lot Number into the tool. You even have the ability to compare HOT LOTS to each other. Enjoy the assurance of knowing exactly the aroma characteristics of your Spot order will be.”

You need to be a customer to use the tool. I am not. [A correction of sorts, and thanks to Max Coleman. Brewers who have a lot number may use the tool.] anybody can get a look at it here. The Instagram post included spider charts for a few lots, including the two posted above.

I originally thought to post this because for too many years I’ve received the occasional email asking, “What happened to [add your favorite hop name]. It is not the same as it used to be.” My catchall answer is that hops are an agricultural product. These charts are proof, but . . .

There is something else to consider. That’s a T90 pellet lot at the top, and a Cryo lot at the bottom. That the T90 lot is quite woody and the Cryo lot not at all woody suggests removing green matter (which happens when hops are cryogenically concentrated) eliminates the woody character found in “old fashioned” hops. Cool. Unless there’s something else in the green matter that might make the beer taste like some of us prefer.

This is not going to turn into a post about the pros and cons of concentrated hop products. Just something to think about. Scott Lafontaine, whose expertise I have leaned on multiple times, will be talking about “Deconstructing the Chemical Composition of a Hop Cone – a 21st Century Fractionation Approach” at the World Brewing Congress in August. Should be interesting.

A final note: These charts represent T90s and Cryo pellets before they are introduced during the brewing process. Biotransformations = change.

Queries 8.02: Taking a bite out of the hop surplus

* Strung, and not strung, for harvest
* Random observation: Hersbrucker Pure?
* The aromas of IPA
* Hop profile: Harlequin

Welcome to Vol. 8, No. 2. One quick programming note. Last month, I promised a report from harvest in New Zealand. That will have to wait until July.

EMPTY TRELLISES

Yes, that is corn growing under trellises where there should be hops.

Farmers in the Northwest have strung 6,720 acres of trellises with Citra hops, to be harvested in September. That is about five times more acres than growers in England will harvest of all varieties this year.

However, US farmers didn’t string 2,136 acres with Citra that they did in 2023, or 5,324 that they did in 2022.

This is not an example of demand for Citra shifting to, say, UK-grown Harlequin (see below). This is an example of how out of whack aroma hop supply and demand are right now. A USDA report released Thursday indicates farmers will harvest 9,775 fewer acres in 2024 than they did in 2023, and 15,242 fewer than they did in in 2022.

(Some of those acres may simply remain empty, while crops may be grown on others. The photo above is not new. It was taken in Oregon in 2013, before aroma hops filled fields that were idled after a short-lived surge in alpha demand.)

I have already written a bit here, plus more at Brewing Industry Guide on why this is necessary. That has not changed in recent months.

The question now for hop producers and consumers is: What happens next?

I do not know. I will repeat that. I do not know. I will not pretend. Instead, a few numbers, offered in small bites. Some are more significant for brewers, some for farmers, some for beer drinkers.

American hop acreage chart

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Why there may be more Saaz harvested in 2024 than Citra

Farmers in the American Northwest will reduce hop acreage by 20.5 percent, according to estimates global hop merchant Hopsteiner has shared. This isn’t exactly a surprise. In January, John I. Haas CEO Tom Davis said 10,000 acres of aroma hops needed to be eliminated.

That’s pretty much what seems to be happening. This estimate forecasts that overall 11,163 fewer acres will be harvested. It includes a significant reduction of CTZ, which is valued for its alpha, totaling about 1,627 acres. However, Hopsteiner is adding to Helios acreage and in this estimate acreage for HBC 682, another popular alpha hop, is grouped with “the rest.” As are popular aroma varieties such as Simcoe, El Dorado, Strata, and Idaho 7.

The USDA will issue its forecast in a few weeks, based on reports from growers in Washington, Idaho and Oregon. If it is close to this estimate of 43,155 acres, then farmers will harvest about the same number of acres as 2015, or 29 percent of peak acreage in 2021.

More takeaways after the chart. Acreage is listed in hectares. One hectare is equivalent to 2.47 acres.

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Queries 8.01: Australian harvest, Cascade health and aroma, plus it turns out sometimes more really is more

* Resetting picking windows
* Region closeup: Australia
* Random observation
* Hop profile: Sterling
* Links
      -Underrated, overrated hops
      -German acreage
      -Crosby recipe book

Southern Lights as seen from a Mac Hops hopyard.

Welcome to Vol. 8, No. 1. Could there have been a better place to watch the Northern and Southern Lights that filled the skies last week than a hop yard? Not everybody would say yes, but I think it would have been grand to have been magically transported to this field at Mac Hops in New Zealand. Check out the Instagram post from Brent McGlashen. At CBC, he told a great story about snow and Nelson Sauvin that I need to flesh out and relay next month. This month’s regional closeup focuses on Australia. Next month, New Zealand.

HOP HEALTH AND AROMA

During a presentation at the Craft Brewers Conference, CLS Farms added another chapter to what could make a good book, focusing on hop picking windows and decision making that may impact aroma and flavor.

The newest wrinkle is the role hop stunt viroid may play in deciding when to pick Cascade. Research suggests that if recently planted virus-free Cascade fields are harvested on “traditional” harvest dates they will be picked “before their time.”

CLS marketing and sales manager Claire Demarais nicely summarized the presentation, “Exploring Hop Picking Windows and Their Impact on Aroma and Flavor,” at the company blog. She sat on the panel along with Alexandra Nowell (also CLS), John I. Haas sensory manager Jeff Dailey, and Tom Nielsen of Abstrax Hops.

You may download the 2024 presentation here, along with one from 2023 (presentations at CBC and the Master Brewers Association of the Americas convention were the same). The 2024 presentation builds on 2023, with more data and the discussion about picking adjustments farms may need to make when replacing Cascade infected by hop stunt viroid (HSVd) with virus-free Cascade.

There is much to consider. For instance:

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