A new hop for Halloween

Hopsteiner gives HS16660 a name: Erebus

It seems appropriate that Hopsteiner chose Halloween to announce that a cultivar previous known as HS16660 will be called Erebus, the primordial deity of darkness in Greek mythology. A press release states, she “embodies the essence of its chaotic origins, serving as a bold disruptor to the world of hops.”

Brewers may instead focus on the blueberry, citrus, candied fruit and floral/rose character the hop provides. She contains 8-11% alpha acids, 3-4% beta acids and 2.3-2.8 ml/100g essential oil (including an usually high amount of geraniol).

Erebus is Hopsteiner’s third release — along with Helios and Alora — in three years. All three benefit from research identifying genetic markers. The company’s breeders used those markers to select multiple disease resistant traits, resulting in stacked resistance. Because the plants have multiple layers of protection from mildews, the amount of chemical fungicide applications required to protect them is reduced.

Queries 8.06: ‘A little more to learn here’

* Hunting for esters
* Dip hopping
* Hop profile: Saaz family
* Additional reading

Welcome to Vol. 8, No. 6. The fresh hop festivals have come and gone, but plenty of fresh hop beers remain. Check out the results of the Best of Craft Beer Awards fresh hop competitions.

ISOBYTYRATES, HEXANOTES AND OTHER GOOD STUFF

There were many takeaways from a presentation at the World Brewing Congress titled, “Chemical and Sensory Evaluation of Hop Varieties: Insights into the Relationship Between Aroma Properties and Growing Regions.” Marcus Ojeda, an R&D chemist at Abstrax Tech, headed up the research behind the presentation, and when Ojeda couldn’t be in Minneapolis for the conference, Tom Nielsen stepped in to talk attendees through the PowerPoint.

Nielsen worked 20 years at Sierra Nevada Brewing and was research and development and raw materials manager before he left in February to join Abstrax Tech as director of brewing and beverage innovation. Abstrax Tech is known first for its botanically derived terpene blends and isolates that are native to cannabis. The company added a Hops Division last year.

The project was Ojeda’s first foray into hop chemistry. “It is interesting how he is characterizing hops, coming from a cannabis mind,” Nielsen said. For instance, Abstrax has developed an aroma spectrum, spanning exotic to savory, which Ojeda overlaid it onto hops. “A new way to show things,” Nielsen said.

Bottom line, I’m looking forward to Abstrax sharing more research. For now, there is this chart.

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Queries 8.05: Fresh hop festivals, a bitter reminder & Peacharine

* Temperature and thiol biotransformation
* Bitterness has an altitude problem
* CGX Fresh Hops
* Fresh hop festivals
* Hop profile: Peacharine
* Additional reading

Hops bound for cooling floor at  Carpenter farms.

Welcome to Vol. 8, No. 5. Harvest in the Northern Hemisphere is at full throttle. My Instagram feed if stuffed with photos from every angle of harvest. This one from @carpenterhops in the Yakima Valley is particularly striking.

FREEING THIOLS, BUT TO WHAT END?

Researchers from Oregon State University and Lallemand Brewing presented information at the 2024 EBC Congress and Brewers Forum in France that showed a strong correlation between increasing fermentation temperature and free thiol formation. The results also remind brewers that free thiols alone do not necessarily produce the most fruity, citrus, and tropical-flavored beers.

The research examined the performance of five commercial yeast strains at three temperatures (15°C, 22°C, 30°C/59°F, 71.6°F, 86°F). Pale ales were hopped with 1.2g/L of Cascade at the start of kettle boil and 3.0 g/L of Cascade in the whirlpool. They were not dry hopped.

They measured the levels of 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (3SH) and 4-methyl-4-sulfanylpentan-2-one (4SMP). Those increased with temperature across all yeast strains. LalBrew Diamond lager yeast produced the highest overall concentrations of both thiols. LalBrew Nottingham and London ale strains showed the greatest changes with temperature. LalBrew Verdant IPA and BRY-97 showed less change in thiol concentrations with temperature.

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Queries 8.04: Hello Krush, new thiols list, harvest estimates

* 2024 crop
* Classifying thiol impact
* Krush with a K
* Wanna bet?
* Hop profile: Ekuanot
* More reading

Welcome to Vol. 8, No. 4. Hop harvest has begun, and in some regions finished, in the northern hemisphere. Plenty of photos of bright green cones in my Instagram feed, as well as a couple of videos of trellises that went down in stormy weather. Here is an example from @westcoasthopbreeding. Next month, I plan to post a list of fresh hop festivals. Feel free to send me information.

ACRES + YIELD = HOPS

This is the way it is supposed to work. Plant more acres, get more hops. String fewer, get fewer. Increase yield, get more hops. Pre-harvest estimates suggest that has happened in both the US Northwest and Germany.

Each of Germany’s five hop growing regions (Hallertau is by far the largest) provided estimates as harvest began. Production in the Hallertau increased 21 percent over 2023, to 42,350 metric tons, while overall German production grew 18.8 percent to 48,964 metric tons (98.1 million pounds). Why? Yields in Germany were up 20.5 percent. Although yields in 2023 had improved on 2022’s particularly disappointing harvest, they were still below average.

Important numbers for those interested in traditional landrace varieties: Hallertau Mittelfrüh 565 metric tons (+4.6 percent), Hersbrucker 1,714 metric tons (+38.2 percent), and Spalter Select 906 metric tons (+26.7 percent). Yes, Select is the bred version of Spalt Spalter, but there is no published estimate for Spalt Spalter, which is planted on far fewer acres.

The overall harvest yielded about nine percent more hops than an average crop the last 10 years, which a press releases notes will be sold into a market that is “. . . oversupplied.”

That oversupply is why farmers in the Northwest removed almost 10 percent of acreage from production between 2022 and 2023 and another 18 percent between 2023 and 2024. Higher yields in 2023 compared to 2022 offset the cuts in acreage and overall production increased two percent, from about 102 million barrels to 104 million barrels.

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The wait if over, HBC 586 has a name: Krush

The Hop Breeding Company has finally given HBC 586 a name, and for the press release making the announcement breeder Jason Perrault, says, “Many of my brewing friends are simply saying, ‘It’s about time.’”

In 2022, Perrault estimated that Yakima Valley hop growers had strung about 150 acres1 of the cultivar beginning today known as Krush, and many brewers expected her to be named before the 2023 planting season. However, the release was delayed because of surprisingly low yields in some fields, perhaps because of a heat dome that settled over the growing region in 2022.

This is a reminder of why it takes so long for a new cultivar to be commercialized. Sometimes a hop must prove herself one more time. Krush is the product of a cross made 17 years ago.

“Introducing a new hop variety to a wider craft market is always a thrill,” says Michael Ferguson, director of hop breeding at John I. Haas, a partner with Yakima Chief Ranches in the Hop Breeding Company. “Krush is incredibly versatile and has the immediate potential to inspire brewers with its robust citrus and tropical fruit profile. The hop has performed exceptionally well during years of rigorous trials, and I look forward to more brewers utilizing Krush in their recipes for years to come.”

Krush contains 12-13% alpha acids, 7.5-8.5% beta acids, and 1.2–2.5 ml/100g essential oil. She is rich in “survivables.”

“Not every variety translates so clearly from raw hop aroma to finished beer, but Krush bursts with peach, mango, citrus, and tropical notes at harvest and adds a pop of these same flavors to every Krush beer I’ve tasted,” Tiffany Pitra, senior sensory manager at Yakima Chief Hops, says for the press release.

Perrault, CEO as well as breeder at Yakima Chief Ranches, says he considers the cultivar a rarity. “Some hops you have to experience to understand. Krush is one of them. It delivers a big tropical and fruit punchiness without being overpowering.” he says.

1 For perspective, 150 acres is three times the size of the average farm in Germany,